The 24 Tirthankaras
The 24 Tirthankaras of the present avasarpiṇī time-cycle, in canonical order. Each shown with their lāñchana (identifying symbol), traditional complexion, parents, birthplace, and place of mokṣa.
Tirthankaras are not gods (see Foundation 01). They are liberated souls who, in their final birth, established the four-fold saṅgha and showed the path of mokṣa.
Rishabhanatha (Adinatha)
ऋषभनाथ (आदिनाथ)
- Lāñchana
- Bull(वृषभ)
- Father
- राजा नाभिराय
- Mother
- महारानी मरुदेवी
- Birthplace
- Ayodhya
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Kailasha (Ashtapada)
The first Tirthankara of this time-cycle. Founded the spiritual order. The Bhaktamara Stotra is composed in his praise.
Ajitanatha
अजितनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Elephant(गज)
- Father
- राजा जितशत्रु
- Mother
- महारानी विजया
- Birthplace
- Ayodhya
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Sambhavanatha
सम्भवनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Horse(अश्व)
- Father
- राजा जितारि
- Mother
- महारानी सेना
- Birthplace
- Sravasti
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Abhinandananatha
अभिनन्दननाथ
- Lāñchana
- Monkey(कपि)
- Father
- राजा संवर
- Mother
- महारानी सिद्धार्था
- Birthplace
- Ayodhya
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Sumatinatha
सुमतिनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Curlew (krauñca)(क्रौञ्च)
- Father
- राजा मेघप्रभ
- Mother
- महारानी मङ्गला
- Birthplace
- Ayodhya
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Padmaprabha
पद्मप्रभ
- Lāñchana
- Red lotus(रक्त-कमल)
- Father
- राजा धरण
- Mother
- महारानी सुसीमा
- Birthplace
- Kausambi
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Suparshvanatha
सुपार्श्वनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Swastika(स्वस्तिक)
- Father
- राजा सुप्रतिष्ठ
- Mother
- महारानी पृथ्वी
- Birthplace
- Varanasi
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Chandraprabha
चन्द्रप्रभ
- Lāñchana
- Crescent moon(चन्द्र)
- Father
- राजा महासेन
- Mother
- महारानी लक्ष्मणा
- Birthplace
- Chandrapuri
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Pushpadanta (Suvidhinatha)
पुष्पदन्त (सुविधिनाथ)
- Lāñchana
- Crocodile (makara)(मकर)
- Father
- राजा सुग्रीव
- Mother
- महारानी रामा
- Birthplace
- Kakandi
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Shitalanatha
शीतलनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Śrīvatsa(श्रीवत्स)
- Father
- राजा दृढरथ
- Mother
- महारानी सुनन्दा
- Birthplace
- Bhaddilapura
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Shreyamsanatha
श्रेयांसनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Rhinoceros (gaṇḍa)(गण्डक)
- Father
- राजा विष्णु
- Mother
- महारानी विष्णुश्री
- Birthplace
- Simhapuri
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Vasupujya
वासुपूज्य
- Lāñchana
- Buffalo (mahiṣa)(महिष)
- Father
- राजा वसुपूज्य
- Mother
- महारानी जयावती
- Birthplace
- Champapuri
- Mokṣa
- Champapuri
Vimalanatha
विमलनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Boar (varāha)(वराह)
- Father
- राजा कृतवर्मा
- Mother
- महारानी सुरमा / श्यामा
- Birthplace
- Kampilya
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Anantanatha
अनन्तनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Falcon (śyena)(श्येन)
- Father
- राजा सिंहसेन
- Mother
- महारानी सर्वयशा
- Birthplace
- Ayodhya
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Dharmanatha
धर्मनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Vajra(वज्र)
- Father
- राजा भानु
- Mother
- महारानी सुव्रता
- Birthplace
- Ratnapuri
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Shantinatha
शान्तिनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Deer (mṛga)(मृग)
- Father
- राजा विश्वसेन
- Mother
- महारानी अचिरा
- Birthplace
- Hastinapur
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Also a Chakravartin emperor before renunciation.
Kunthunatha
कुन्थुनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Goat (chāgala)(छागल)
- Father
- राजा सूर्य
- Mother
- महारानी श्री
- Birthplace
- Hastinapur
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Also a Chakravartin emperor.
Aranatha
अरनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Nandyāvarta(नन्द्यावर्त)
- Father
- राजा सुदर्शन
- Mother
- महारानी मित्रसेना
- Birthplace
- Hastinapur
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Also a Chakravartin emperor.
Mallinatha
मल्लिनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Pitcher (kalaśa)(कलश)
- Father
- राजा कुम्भ
- Mother
- महारानी प्रभावती
- Birthplace
- Mithila
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
In Digambara tradition: a male Tirthankara. In Shvetambara tradition: female. This is the most-cited example of doctrinal difference between the traditions.
Munisuvrata
मुनिसुव्रत
- Lāñchana
- Tortoise (kūrma)(कूर्म)
- Father
- राजा सुमित्र
- Mother
- महारानी पद्मावती
- Birthplace
- Rajagriha
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Naminatha
नमिनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Blue lotus (nīlotpala)(नीलोत्पल)
- Father
- राजा विजय
- Mother
- महारानी वप्रा
- Birthplace
- Mithila
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Neminatha (Aristanemi)
नेमिनाथ (अरिष्टनेमि)
- Lāñchana
- Conch (śaṅkha)(शङ्ख)
- Father
- राजा समुद्रविजय
- Mother
- महारानी शिवादेवी
- Birthplace
- Sauripura (Mathura region)
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Girnar
Cousin of Krishna in Jain tradition. Renounced the world on his wedding day after seeing animals being slaughtered for the wedding feast.
Parshvanatha
पार्श्वनाथ
- Lāñchana
- Snake (sarpa, with hood)(सर्प)
- Father
- राजा अश्वसेन
- Mother
- महारानी वामा
- Birthplace
- Varanasi
- Mokṣa
- Mt. Sammed Shikhar
Historical Tirthankara (~9th–8th century BCE). His teaching of four vows preceded Mahavir, who added the fifth (brahmacarya).
Mahavira (Vardhamana)
महावीर (वर्धमान)
- Lāñchana
- Lion (siṁha)(सिंह)
- Father
- राजा सिद्धार्थ
- Mother
- महारानी त्रिशला
- Birthplace
- Kundalapura (Vaishali region)
- Mokṣa
- Pavapuri
The 24th and last Tirthankara of this time-cycle. NOT the founder of Jainism.